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Groundsel Guide

Identify

Inspect

Treat

Prevent

How to Identify Groundsel Weeds

What Is Groundsel?

A groundsel plant with multiple stems and numerous yellow flowers at the tips.
Groundsel is a tall, fast-spreading weed, easily recognized by its vibrant yellow flowers. It poses a significant risk to livestock farmers, as the plant is highly toxic to cattle and horses when consumed.

Also known as "Old-man-in-the-spring," the name "groundsel" is derived from an old English term meaning "ground swallower," reflecting the weed's ability to quickly overtake a field if not properly managed.

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Groundsel Characteristics

Height

Groundsel is an upright, erect weed that branches from a central stem. It typically grows between 6 to 18 inches tall.

Shape

Groundsel weeds develop upright stems with lance-shaped or oval leaves that have serrated edges. Some of the leaves may also be deeply divided down the middle.

Leaves and Flowers

A single groundsel stalk displaying small flowers and puff-like seedheads.
Groundsel's leaves are lance- or oval-shaped, often split in the middle, and have toothed edges.

The plant produces clusters of small, round yellow flowers and white, puffy seedheads called pappus. These seedheads function like dandelion puffs, allowing seeds to spread through the wind. While the seed pods resemble those of dandelions, the flowers differ—groundsel flowers remain compact and appear closed, unlike the ray-formed yellow petals of dandelions.

Roots

Groundsel's roots are typically shallow, with lateral branching from a short taproot. Due to these loose, shallow roots, groundsel is easier to remove by hand compared to many other weeds.

Growing Season

Groundsel is more adaptable than many weeds, behaving as either a winter annual or a summer annual in milder climates. In colder northern states, groundsel thrives during the spring and summer growing seasons.

Discovered groundsel weeds on your property? Find out how to manage and eliminate them in the third section of our Groundsel Weed Control Guide.

How to Spot Groundsel Weeds

Groundsel Weed Inspection

Groundsel is a fast-growing annual weed that can quickly take over large areas if left unchecked. While its bright yellow flowers might seem appealing, it’s essential to remain cautious, especially if groundsel is growing near livestock. Grazing animals are at risk of illness if groundsel mixes with their feed.

Continue reading to discover what to look for when inspecting your property for groundsel weeds.

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When Can You Expect to See Groundsel?

Groundsel seeds typically overwinter in the soil, germinating during the colder months leading up to spring. The plants emerge above the soil and begin growing in early spring, continuing into the summer months.

The distinctive yellow flowers of groundsel will appear about six weeks after the seedlings break through the soil. These tall weeds may flower and produce seeds for several months, often generating two or three seed cycles annually.

Where Does Groundsel Thrive?

Groundsel varieties are found throughout the United States, with common groundsel particularly prevalent in the Midwest and neighboring regions.

These weeds favor moist, nutrient-rich soils but can also grow in sandier conditions. Groundsel requires ample sunlight to germinate and does not usually thrive in shaded areas.

Common locations for groundsel growth include:

  • Lawns
  • Gardens
  • Pastures
  • Roadsides
  • Nurseries

Although groundsel thrives in nutrient-rich environments, it struggles to survive in dry, non-irrigated areas and will often die off during periods of drought.

Discovered groundsel weeds on your property? Find out how to eliminate them in the next section of our comprehensive 4-part guide. Click the right arrow below to continue.

How to Eliminate Groundsel Weeds

Groundsel Weed Control Guide

Groundsel weeds can endanger livestock grazing in areas where this winter weed thrives. Additionally, its rapid spread can outcompete desirable plants in gardens and landscaped spaces. Discover how to manage a groundsel infestation and protect your ornamental plants, ensuring a healthy, weed-free environment.

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Step1 Apply a Pre-Emergent Herbicide

How to Use Pre-Emergent Herbicides
Groundsel weeds produce an abundance of seeds from their yellow flowers and fluffy seedheads. These seeds are primarily dispersed by wind but can also spread through other means or remain dormant in the soil until they receive adequate sunlight and moisture to germinate.

Follow these steps to effectively use a pre-emergent herbicide to stop groundsel growth:

  • Apply Before Germination: Pre-emergent herbicides must be applied before groundsel seeds begin to germinate. Contact your local extension office for specific timing recommendations in your region.
  • Select the Right Product: Choose a pre-emergent herbicide specifically labeled for groundsel control.
  • Activate with Watering: Many pre-emergent products need to be watered into the soil to activate their weed-preventing properties. Carefully follow the application and watering instructions on the product label.
  • Check Product Compatibility: Some pre-emergent herbicides are only approved for specific grass types or land uses. Ensure the product is labeled for use on your turf type or property. For example, not all herbicides are safe for areas where livestock graze. Always read the label before making a purchase.

Products we recommend for Step 1

Step2 Apply a Post-Emergent Groundsel Herbicide

How to Use Post-Emergent Herbicides
While hand-pulling or hoeing can help manage groundsel weeds and reduce their spread, a post-emergent herbicide may be necessary for larger infestations.

Follow these steps for effective post-emergent herbicide application:

  • Choose the Right Herbicide:
  • Understand Herbicide Types:
  • Read and Follow the Label: Carefully review the product label to ensure proper application and to confirm that the herbicide is safe for use in your specific situation, such as near grazing areas or edible plants.
  • Apply with Care: Use a sprayer designed for precision to avoid accidental contact with desirable plants. Follow all label instructions regarding mixing, application rates, and safety precautions.

Products we recommend for Step 2

For any questions about the methods outlined in this guide or the products needed to manage and eliminate groundsel weeds, feel free to contact our lawn care experts at

Prevent Groundsel Weeds from Spreading

Effective Prevention and Lawn Care Strategies for Groundsel

A groundsel stalk featuring yellow flowers and seed puffs.
Groundsel weeds, with their bright yellow flowers, are found across many states and can quickly take over if left unchecked. These invasive weeds spread rapidly and pose a threat to livestock if consumed. Explore our recommended methods to prevent groundsel weeds from establishing themselves in your lawn or landscaped areas.

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Step1 Apply a Groundsel Preventer

How To Effectively Use Pre-Emergent Weed Preventers
Pre-emergent herbicides designed for groundsel prevention are a vital component of your weed management plan when applied at the right time. These products disrupt the life cycle of groundsel weeds, preventing their seeds from germinating and stopping their spread.

  • Timing is Crucial
    Apply your selected pre-emergent herbicide before groundsel seeds germinate to prevent a new generation of weeds. The germination period for groundsel can vary depending on your region, so consult your local Extension Service office for timing recommendations.
  • Stop Seed Spread
    Groundsel weeds are prolific seed producers, with thousands of seeds spreading easily over a season. Applying a groundsel preventer early in the season is essential to curb their spread.
  • Read the Label
    Carefully review the label instructions for your chosen pre-emergent herbicide. Some products are formulated for specific turf types or areas and should only be applied as directed. Pay special attention to usage guidelines for areas with grazing livestock or edible plants to ensure safe and effective treatment.

By using a pre-emergent groundsel preventer strategically, you can take a proactive approach to keep these invasive weeds from overtaking your property.

Products we recommend for Step 1

Step2 Lawn Care Tips to Prevent Excess Moisture

Groundsel weeds thrive in moist, nutrient-rich soils. Implementing proper lawn maintenance practices can enhance the health of your turf, making it more resilient to invasive weeds like groundsel. Follow these suggestions to maintain a strong and balanced lawn:

  • Irrigate Efficiently
    Water your lawn only when necessary and avoid overwatering. Deep, infrequent watering is more effective, as it ensures moisture reaches the grass roots, promoting stronger and healthier growth.
  • Address Drainage Issues
    Check for areas in your lawn where water tends to pool or create damp spots. Improve drainage by adjusting landscaping or installing solutions like French drains to prevent standing water.
  • Aerate Regularly
    Schedule lawn aeration to improve soil drainage and encourage healthy root systems. Aeration helps reduce compaction and allows water and nutrients to penetrate more effectively, supporting robust turf growth.

By managing moisture levels and maintaining proper drainage, your lawn can better resist weeds like groundsel and remain healthy year-round.

If you have any questions about the strategies outlined in this guide or the products recommended for preventing and eliminating groundsel weeds, feel free to contact our lawn care experts at

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