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Roach Identification Guide

Curious about what a cockroach looks like? In the United States, there are five main pest species of cockroaches, each with distinct characteristics:

  • German Cockroach
  • Oriental Cockroach
  • Brown-Banded Cockroach
  • American Cockroach
  • Smoky Brown Cockroach

These species are problematic because they infest homes, businesses, and other structures, spreading diseases and potentially causing health issues. Fortunately, most indoor cockroach infestations can be treated using similar methods and products, regardless of the species.

Important Note: Before starting treatment, confirm that you are dealing with cockroaches and not beetles, as the treatment methods for these pests are significantly different.

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Roaches Characteristics

Size

Cockroach Life Stages and Sizes
Cockroaches grow significantly after hatching from an egg case, also known as an ootheca.

  • Immature cockroaches (nymphs) range from 2mm to 5mm in size, depending on the species.
  • Adult cockroaches vary in size from approximately 0.25 inches to 2 inches.

Understanding the size of cockroaches at different life stages is essential for conducting an effective cockroach inspection.

Shape

Cockroach Anatomy

  • Flat, oval-shaped bodies
  • Six legs
  • Two antennae (length varies by species)
  • Wings (though not all cockroach species fly)

Color

Cockroaches exhibit a range of colors:

  • From light tan to dark brown
  • Some species have distinctive stripes or bands on their backs or heads

Range

Cockroach Distribution in the U.S.

Cockroaches can be found in every U.S. state. They thrive in warm climates with abundant food sources.

Cockroach Inspection Guide

Discover Where Roaches Hide and How to Spot Them

Cockroaches are nocturnal pests, meaning inspections are most effective at night. Infestations often begin in kitchens or bathrooms, so these areas should be your primary focus during an inspection. Be on the lookout for:

  • Adult roaches
  • Juvenile roaches (nymphs)
  • Roach eggs (oothecae)
  • Roach feces

Tools Needed:

  • Flashlight

Step1 Where to Inspect

Cockroach Inspection – Where to Look
Roaches typically seek out dark, moist environments to hide and breed. Kitchens and bathrooms are usually the first areas to experience an infestation.

Use a flashlight to inspect the following areas:

  • Behind or beneath refrigerators, stoves, microwaves, dishwashers, and sinks.
  • Inside cabinets, especially in the corners and along the edges.
  • Around floor drains.
  • Inside the motor compartments of refrigerators and microwaves.
  • Behind wall-mounted pictures or clocks.
  • Under floor mats or rugs.
  • Behind wallpaper or peeling paint.
  • In cracks and crevices around walls and cabinets.

Step2 Look for Additional Evidence

Roach Droppings
Roach feces are a common indicator of an infestation. The droppings, often resembling coffee grounds or black pepper, are typically found in areas roaches frequent. Inspect inside cabinets, along drawer edges, around refrigerators, and other suspected hiding spots for these droppings.

Cockroach Eggs (Oothecae)
Roaches lay egg cases called oothecae, which are cylindrical and range from 5mm to 10mm in size. The color can vary from tan to dark brown. These egg cases are often deposited in the same areas where roaches and their droppings are found, such as dark, hidden corners or crevices.

By identifying these signs, you can confirm a roach infestation and take the necessary steps to eliminate it.

How to Eliminate Roaches

What Does a Comprehensive Roach Treatment Program Involve?Learn Effective DIY Methods to Eradicate Roaches

Successfully getting rid of cockroaches requires more than just applying insecticides or setting out baits. Roaches are notorious for infiltrating every corner of your home, reproducing quickly, and surviving under harsh conditions—up to several months without food and two weeks without water. These resilient pests pose a challenge, but with the right tools and professional-grade products, you can effectively tackle an infestation.

Follow These 3 Essential Steps to Eliminate Roaches:

  1. Clean Thoroughly
  2. Use Professional-Grade Products
  3. Monitor with Glue Boards

Whether you’re dealing with American roaches, German cockroaches, oriental roaches, smoky brown roaches, brown banded roaches, wood roaches, palmetto bugs, or any other type, DoMyOwn’s guide provides the tools and knowledge you need to eliminate them on your own.

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Step1 Eliminate Food, Water, and Shelter

Removing the elements that attract cockroaches—such as food, water, and hiding spots—is a critical step in successfully eliminating and preventing roach infestations. Without addressing these factors, most treatment efforts will fall short. It’s essential to reduce access to food and water sources while sealing or removing potential hiding places to deter roaches. This is the most effective natural approach to roach control.

Step1.1 Eliminate Food Sources

Remove What Roaches Feed On

Getting rid of food sources is a crucial part of your roach control strategy. Proper sanitation in the kitchen and other areas of your home is necessary to create a roach-free environment. Focus on the following areas during your cleaning routine:

  • Clean Kitchen Appliances: Roaches can thrive on grease and food spills beneath and behind appliances. Be sure to clean under and behind the stove, refrigerator, microwave, toaster, dishwasher, and around and beneath the kitchen sink.
  • Empty and Sanitize Cabinets: Crumbs and food spills in cabinets are excellent food sources for roaches. Thoroughly clean cabinets and remove all traces of food spills to eliminate these hiding spots.
  • Store Food in Sealed Containers: Roaches can access food in cardboard packaging or loosely sealed bags. Use metal, glass, or hard plastic airtight containers to store food securely.
  • Restrict Food Consumption to One Room: Limiting food and eating to a single area of the house minimizes crumbs and spills, making it easier to focus on cleaning one area thoroughly.
  • Clean the Kitchen Every Night: Roaches are nocturnal and feed at night. Before bed, clean kitchen counters, wash dishes, store food properly, wipe down the sink and dry it, and sweep the floors to remove crumbs and water sources.
  • Regular Floor Cleaning: Sweep or vacuum non-food areas every few days to eliminate crumbs and debris. Removing roach feces, egg sacs, and body parts, which contain pheromones that attract more roaches, will further deter them.
  • Manage Pet Food Containers: Remove pet food and water bowls overnight or cover them tightly to prevent access.
  • Maintain Garbage Cans: Ensure trash cans are clean, emptied regularly, and covered tightly to avoid attracting roaches.

Thorough cleaning and eliminating food access are foundational to an effective roach control plan.

Step1.2 Eliminate Water Sources for Roaches

Stop Attracting Cockroaches

Reducing water sources is a key step in preventing roach infestations and serves as an effective natural solution. Take the following actions to remove water sources from your home:

  • Repair Leaks: Fix leaky faucets, plumbing, and sweating pipes to eliminate excess moisture.
  • Dry Sinks, Tubs, and Showers: Before going to bed, ensure all sinks, bathtubs, and showers are completely dried, and plug the drains to block access.
  • Manage Wet Dishrags and Sponges: Store wet dishrags and sponges in an airtight plastic bag overnight, place them in the washing machine, or hang them outside to dry.
  • Remove Pet Water Dishes Overnight: Either place pet water bowls outside overnight or dry them and refill them in the morning.
  • Store Wet Toothbrushes Properly: Dry toothbrushes as much as possible, then store them in sealed containers or bags to prevent access.
  • Empty Refrigerator Drip Trays: Check and empty the drip tray under your refrigerator regularly to eliminate standing water.

By removing these water sources, you create an environment less hospitable to roaches, making it easier to prevent and control infestations.

Step1.3 Eliminate Cockroach Hiding Spots

Block Access to Common Roach Hideouts

Roaches thrive in dark, confined spaces, typically hiding during the day. By reducing potential hiding places, you force them into the open, making them easier to spot and more likely to come into contact with insecticides or baits. Follow these steps to remove cockroach hiding areas in your home:

  • Seal Cracks and Crevices: Use a caulking gun to seal cracks and gaps in walls, floors, and baseboards.
  • Close Gaps Around Pipes and Fixtures: Use materials like Stuf-It Copper Mesh to seal openings around pipes, light fixtures, and wall fixtures.
  • Ensure Tight Window and Door Frames: Check and repair gaps around windows and doors to block roaches from entering from outside.
  • Tape Over Holes in Appliances: Cover crevices in small appliances, electronics, and household items in areas with heavy roach activity. Items like computers, microwaves, and other small appliances can become roach harborage sites.

Reducing these hiding places helps disrupt roach behavior and enhances the effectiveness of your pest control efforts.

Step2 Use Baits, IGRs, and Sprays to Eliminate Cockroaches

After completing the necessary sanitation steps to prepare for treatment, you can begin targeting the infestation with professional-grade roach control products. To achieve the best results, we recommend utilizing the following three essential tools during your roach treatment plan:

  1. Concentrated Insecticide: Quickly eliminates active cockroaches upon contact.
  2. Bait: Attracts hidden roaches, drawing them out and eradicating them effectively.
  3. Insect Growth Regulator (IGR): Disrupts the roach life cycle, preventing reproduction and reducing future infestations.

For convenience, our roach control kits combine all three products, simplifying the selection process and providing a comprehensive solution to your cockroach problem.

Products we recommend for Step 2

Step2.1 Bait Your Kitchen, Bathroom, and Home for Cockroach Control

Bait is a crucial and effective component of any successful cockroach treatment program.

Cockroaches are highly social pests that interact frequently with one another. When a single roach consumes a poisoned bait, it can transfer the toxin to up to 40 other roaches through contact, feces, or other roaches feeding on its poisoned carcass. This "domino effect" accelerates the elimination process, significantly reducing the infestation.

Pro Tip: Rotate Baits

To avoid bait resistance, we recommend rotating your cockroach baits every few months during an ongoing control program. This ensures you address varying bait preferences and prevent roaches from becoming immune to a single formula. DoMyOwn's Roach Control Kits simplify this process by providing different active ingredients for each rotation. Start with Kit A containing Maxforce FC Magnum for the fastest initial knockdown, then proceed to Kit B and Kit C as needed.

How to Apply Cockroach Bait

Cockroach bait typically comes in easy-to-use tubes with tips and plungers for precise application. If you prefer not to apply bait directly to surfaces, you can place it on removable bait stations.

Best Areas to Apply Cockroach Bait:

  • Behind kitchen cabinets and countertops
  • Behind wall-mounted items like pictures, clocks, or posters
  • Around and under stoves
  • In the corners beneath sinks and cabinets
  • In stored paper bags and boxes
  • Around pipes, cords, and cables exiting walls
  • Behind and under bathroom fixtures
  • Behind medicine cabinets and vanities
  • In cracks and crevices around shelves and wooden surfaces
  • In corners, under railings, and on drawer interiors

Reapply the bait every 2-3 weeks or as soon as it appears to be depleted. Continue baiting until all roaches are eradicated.

Products we recommend for Step 2.1

Step2.2 Use Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) to Prevent Future Cockroach Infestations

Even if your baiting treatment eliminates all adult cockroaches, hidden cockroach egg capsules (oothecae) can hatch and restart the infestation. To prevent this, a successful cockroach treatment plan must include an insect growth regulator (IGR).

IGRs work by using a synthetic pheromone to interfere with the lifecycle of cockroaches in the egg and larvae stages. Acting like "birth control" for roaches, IGRs help control cockroach populations by preventing them from reproducing, effectively stopping current and future infestations from growing.

IGR Formulations

IGRs come in various formulations, each suited for different treatment preferences:

  • Liquid Concentrates: These can often be mixed with water and combined with liquid insecticides to be applied using a sprayer.
  • Aerosols: Pre-mixed and ready to use, these are a convenient option for those who prefer not to mix products.
  • Point-Source Stations: Easy to use and replace, these provide a quick solution for ongoing roach management.

All formulations are effective, so your choice will depend on your cockroach treatment strategy and preferred application method.

Products we recommend for Step 2.2

Step2.3 Apply a Concentrated Insecticide: Measure, Mix, and Spray

General Spray for Cockroach Control

Choose an insecticide specifically labeled for cockroaches and carefully measure and mix the product according to the instructions on the label. Apply the insecticide in the following areas around your home:

  • Along baseboards
  • In cracks and crevices
  • Under appliances
  • Around door and window frames
  • Where utility pipes and cables enter the building

Take care to avoid spraying areas where you’ve applied bait, as the insecticide can contaminate the bait, causing roaches to avoid it. Reapply the insecticide spray as indicated by the frequency listed on the product label for ongoing protection.

Products we recommend for Step 2.3

Step3 Track Cockroach Activity with Glue Boards

Cockroach Monitoring with Glue Traps

Eliminating a cockroach infestation may take time, ranging from three weeks to six months, depending on the severity of the problem. Unfortunately, these pests won't disappear overnight, but you can monitor your progress effectively using glue board traps.

Place glue boards in the following locations:

  • Inside and underneath cabinets in kitchens and bathrooms
  • Behind toilets
  • Beneath appliances
  • Other areas showing signs of infestation

Check the traps weekly to track the effectiveness of your treatment. Continue monitoring and treatment until no new cockroaches appear on the glue boards.

Products we recommend for Step 3

After treating your home for cockroaches, explore our guide on preventing cockroach infestations to ensure these pests don’t return.

Cockroach Prevention Guide

DIY Cockroach Prevention Made Easy
Follow These 4 Steps to Stop Roaches

Image of a cockroach on a floor
Preventing cockroaches is far easier than eliminating them. Keeping roaches out of your home involves creating an environment that doesn’t attract them, and this largely comes down to maintaining proper sanitation. Even clean homes and businesses can fall victim to infestations if minor sanitation steps are overlooked.

Many of the prevention steps are similar to those used in treatment. In cockroach prevention, sanitation goes beyond basic cleaning tasks like washing dishes or sweeping floors—overlooking even simple steps can provide roaches with the resources they need to survive and multiply.

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Step1 Eliminate Food Sources Inside and Around Your Home

Remove Roach Food Sources
Getting rid of food sources is a key element in controlling cockroaches. While it requires consistent effort and attention, the payoff is significant.

  • Clean Kitchen Appliances: Roaches often thrive on months or even years of accumulated grease and food spills found around kitchen appliances. Focus on cleaning behind, under, and alongside the refrigerator, dishwasher, stove, toaster, microwave, and beneath the kitchen sink.
  • Empty and Clean Cabinets: Crumbs and food spills inside cabinets are a common food source for roaches. Regularly empty and clean your cabinets to remove these temptations.
  • Limit Food to One Room: Restrict eating to a single area of the home. Allowing food consumption throughout the house creates crumbs and spills in unnoticed areas, attracting roaches and spreading infestations beyond the kitchen.
  • Vacuum Nightly: Thoroughly vacuum your kitchen floors before bed. Roaches are nocturnal and will emerge to feed at night. Cleaning before bedtime ensures little to no food is available for them to scavenge.
  • Vacuum Other Areas Every 2–3 Days: Regularly vacuum non-food areas to maintain cleanliness. This practice also helps remove roach feces, skins, body parts, and egg sacs, which release pheromones that attract more roaches to those areas.
  • Wipe Down Countertops: Use a disinfectant spray to clean kitchen countertops nightly to remove crumbs and spills.
  • Manage Pet Food: Empty pet food containers at night or store them outside, sealed in plastic bags.
  • Store Food Properly: Keep food in airtight, sealed containers. Roaches can easily infiltrate cardboard packaging.
  • Secure Trash: Use a trash can with a tight-fitting lid, and take out the trash every night before bed. Keep outdoor trash cans clean and positioned away from your home.

Products we recommend for Step 1

Pro Tip

For a deeper cleaning solution, consider using Mop Clean in your mop water. Regular mopping often pushes crumbs, debris, and water into cracks and crevices, where it accumulates over time. InVade Mop Clean contains probiotic microbes designed to break down organic matter like food residues. When used, the microbes are pushed into hard-to-reach areas, helping to eliminate hidden food sources that sustain roaches.

Step2 Remove Water Sources

Reduce What Attracts Cockroaches
Although it’s nearly impossible to eliminate every water source, minimizing access to water can significantly stress a roach population, reducing their numbers as some roaches will be unable to survive.

  • Fix Leaks: Repair any leaky faucets and pipes around the home.
  • Address Sweating Pipes: Insulate or fix pipes that gather condensation.
  • Dry Sinks: Before going to bed, plug drains in kitchen and bathroom sinks and wipe them dry with a paper towel.
  • Dry Showers and Bathtubs: Thoroughly dry out tubs and showers after use and close the drain at night.
  • Store Wet Dishcloths and Sponges Properly: Place them in an airtight plastic bag overnight, in the washing machine, or hang them outside to dry completely.
  • Manage Pet Water Dishes: Remove pet water bowls from inside the home overnight or dry them completely and refill in the morning.
  • Store Toothbrushes Safely: Dry toothbrushes as thoroughly as possible and seal them in plastic bags overnight.

By significantly reducing access to water, you can disrupt cockroach activity and help control infestations more effectively.

Step3 Eliminate Roach Hiding Places

Seal Off Areas Where Roaches Take Shelter
Cockroaches are drawn to small cracks, crevices, and dark wall voids where they can hide during daylight hours. By removing these hiding spots, you can make your home less inviting and force roaches out into the open, where they are easier to eliminate.

  • Seal Cracks and Crevices: Use a caulking gun to close off cracks and gaps in walls, baseboards, and other surfaces.
  • Block Holes Around Pipes and Fixtures: Use materials like copper mesh to seal holes around pipes, light fixtures, and other wall penetrations.
  • Ensure Doors and Windows Fit Properly: Check that doors and windows fit tightly in their frames to prevent roaches from using gaps for entry or harborage.
  • Cover Gaps in Household Items: In heavily infested areas, place tape over holes and crevices in appliances and electronics such as computers, phones, bread machines, or alarm clocks.

By reducing available hiding spots, you can disrupt roach activity and make your pest control efforts more effective.

Step4 Prevent Roaches From Entering

How to Implement Roach Exclusion as Part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Making the exterior of your home or business less attractive to roaches is a key step in preventing infestations. Follow these tips to seal entry points and discourage roaches:

  • Maintain a Dry Zone Around the Foundation: Keep mulch turned and raked at least six inches away from the structure. This creates a "dry zone" that discourages insects from approaching and provides a perfect area to apply insecticides.
  • Trim Vegetation: Ensure shrubs, bushes, plants, and trees are trimmed back so they do not touch your home.
  • Remove Yard Debris: Eliminate piles of leaves, branches, and other debris that can serve as hiding spots.
  • Relocate Firewood: Keep stacked firewood at a safe distance from the structure.
  • Inspect Doors and Windows: Ensure window screens, door sweeps, and weather stripping are intact and properly fitted to block roaches from squeezing in.
  • Seal Small Openings: Use caulk to close gaps and crevices around door and window frames.
  • Treat Wall Voids: Apply long-lasting insecticide dusts to wall voids to eliminate pests that may be harboring in these hidden spaces.
  • Apply Exterior Insecticide Treatments: Spray the exterior perimeter of your home with a residual insecticide every 60–90 days to create a barrier that keeps roaches out.

For additional guidance on pest exclusion and prevention, check out our General Pest Prevention Program, which provides detailed steps to stop pests before they can invade your home or business.

Products we recommend for Step 4