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Crane Flies Guide

Identify

Inspect

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Crane Fly Identification Guide

What Is a Crane Fly?

Crane flies, often referred to as "mosquito hawks" or "mosquito eaters," are large insects that bear a strong resemblance to oversized mosquitoes. However, despite their intimidating appearance, crane flies are completely harmless as adults.

These insects are sometimes mistaken for mayflies. Once mature, crane flies only live for a few days and, contrary to popular belief, do not eat mosquitoes or help control mosquito populations.

The larval stage of crane flies, however, can damage lawns by feeding on grass roots. Identifying crane fly larvae is essential to prevent lawn damage and effectively manage an infestation.

Appearance

Adult Crane Flies:

  • Resemble large mosquitoes with extremely long legs.
  • Do not bite, sting, or cause harm to humans or lawns.

Crane Fly Larvae (Leatherjackets):

  • Short, stout, worm-like appearance.
  • Resemble caterpillars in later stages but lack legs.
  • Thick, gray, leathery skin, earning them the nickname "leatherjackets."
  • Can grow up to two inches in length.

Behavior and Impact:

  • Feed on the crown and roots of turfgrass.
  • Hatch in the fall and begin feeding on turf.
  • Overwinter in the soil and resume feeding in spring as temperatures rise.

Recommended Products

If crane flies are present in your yard, explore our guide on effective crane fly removal to discover the best treatment options available.

Crane Fly Inspection Guide

When to Inspect for Crane Flies
Crane fly damage typically occurs during specific seasons, mainly in the fall and spring. These are the optimal times to inspect your lawn for signs of these pests.

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Step1 Look for Crane Fly Damage

Crane fly larvae can cause brown patches and thinning turf in affected areas.

  • Damage begins in the fall when larvae hatch and start feeding. You may also notice damage in the spring.
  • Depending on your region, damage can occur as early as March.

Since the damage from crane fly larvae can resemble other types of lawn issues, it's crucial to confirm their presence by spotting the larvae rather than relying solely on the visual damage.

Step2 Check for Crane Fly Larvae

Crane Fly Damage & Larvae Inspection

Select Areas for Sampling:Choose areas of your lawn showing damage, as well as healthy sections.

When sampling a damaged area, focus on the edges rather than the middle since larvae migrate outward to feed on healthy grass.

Examine Soil and Turf: Cut out a one-square-foot sample of turf in each selected area, carefully pulling the turf away from the soil.

Inspect both the soil and the sod for larvae.

Evaluate Larvae Presence: If you find an average of more than 25 larvae per sample, it is time to begin treatment.

For more information on treating crane flies, explore our guide on how to eliminate crane fly infestations effectively.

How to Get Rid of Crane Flies

Crane Fly Control Options

If your inspection reveals a significant population of crane fly larvae and your lawn is showing signs of damage, it's time to consider control measures. You can use a combination of natural predators and insecticides to effectively manage crane fly larvae.

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Step1 Encourage Natural Predators

If the crane fly population is moderate, attracting natural predators like birds can significantly reduce the larvae in your turf, particularly during winter and spring.

How to Attract Birds:

  • Bird Feeders: Install a bird feeder with appropriate bird food to draw birds to your yard.
  • Provide Shelter: Create a safe environment by offering nesting sites and protection for birds.
  • Bird Baths: Add bird baths to your yard but remember to change the water frequently to keep it fresh.

The more birds visit your yard, the greater the chances they will find and consume crane fly larvae in your turf.

Step2 Apply Insecticide

Using insecticides is an effective way to eliminate crane fly larvae from your lawn. Choose products specifically labeled for controlling European crane fly larvae. These are available in both liquid and granular formulas.

Key Points for Insecticide Application:

  • Look for products with active ingredients such as imidacloprid or pyrethroids.
  • Follow all label instructions, including application rates, timings, and safety precautions.
  • Optimal Timing:

Proper application during these periods will yield the best results in controlling crane fly populations.

Products we recommend for Step 2

Crane Fly Treatment Infographic

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Crane Fly Prevention Guide

Preventing Crane Fly Lawn Damage

Although it’s difficult to stop adult crane flies from laying eggs in your lawn, there are proactive steps you can take to minimize damage caused by their larvae.

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Keep Your Lawn Healthy: Follow a Lawn Care Schedule

A well-maintained lawn is better equipped to withstand pest damage, including crane fly larvae, as well as diseases and weeds. Following a proper lawn care routine tailored to your grass type and climate will help keep your turf strong and visually appealing, even if some larvae are present.

Key Lawn Care Tips:

  1. Mow Regularly: Mow at the correct height for your grass type to keep it healthy and resilient.
  2. Water Wisely: Water only when necessary. Deep, infrequent watering is more effective than frequent, shallow watering.
  3. Fertilize in Moderation: Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can create weak, overly lush growth that attracts pests.
  4. Reduce Thatch: Thin out any thick or excessive thatch in your lawn, as this is a prime habitat for crane fly larvae.
  5. Improve Drainage: Ensure your soil has adequate drainage since crane fly larvae thrive in wet environments.
  6. Let Soil Dry Out: Allowing your soil to dry in late summer and early fall can help reduce the larvae population naturally.
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