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Ant Identification Guide
Learn How To Identify Ants

Ants are a widespread problem in homes, parks, schools, and other areas where people gather. While most people recognize ants by their common red or black coloring, the United States is home to nearly 1,000 different ant species!

Effectively dealing with ants requires understanding the type of ant species infesting your property. Different ant control methods and products are designed to target specific species, and not all ant killers are effective for every type of ant. Proper identification is key to selecting the right treatment and ensuring ants don’t return.

This guide will help you quickly identify the type of ant on your property, distinguish between ants and termites, and learn about various ant species. At the end of this guide, you’ll find detailed information about common ant types, including:

  • Carpenter Ants
  • Fire Ants
  • Little Black Ants
  • Pavement Ants

Ants vs. Termites

While many people can easily identify ants, distinguishing them from termites can be challenging. This is particularly true during spring and fall when winged ants and termites are active, flying in search of new nesting sites. Despite their similarities, there are key physical differences to help you tell them apart:

Ants:

  • Distinct, narrow waists
  • Clubbed or bent antennae
  • Longer legs
  • Winged ants: Front wings are noticeably longer than their back wings

Termites:

  • Thick, uniform waists
  • Straight, bead-like antennae
  • Shorter legs
  • Winged termites: Both pairs of wings are equal in length

Recognizing these differences can help you accurately identify the pest and choose the right treatment.

Size

Ants vary in size based on their species and their role within the colony, typically ranging from 1/16 inch to 1/2 inch in length.

Shape

Ants share several defining characteristics that make them easily identifiable:

  • Head: Equipped with two clubbed or bent antennae.
  • Thorax (Mesosoma): The middle section of the body, serving as a muscular hub where the ant’s six legs are attached.
  • Abdomen (Gaster): The larger rear part of the body, containing vital systems such as the heart and digestive organs.
  • Six Legs: All ants have six legs, connected to the thorax.
  • Wings (if present): In winged ants, the front wings are longer than the back wings.
  • Stinger (in some species): Certain ant species have a stinger for defense or hunting.

Understanding these physical traits can help in identifying ants and distinguishing them from other pests.

Color

What Color Are Ants?
Ants come in a wide range of colors, varying by species. They can range from very light tan to deep black, with some species even exhibiting shades of red, brown, or yellow.

Range

Where Do Ants Live?
Ants are found in every state across the United States, thriving in a variety of environments.

Now that you’re familiar with the shared characteristics of ants, you can start identifying specific ant species based on their unique traits. Keep reading to learn more about the most common ant species and how to recognize them.

Acrobat Ants

  • Nodes: Two
  • Color: Black and red
  • Stinger: Yes
  • Size: 1/8 inch
  • Location: Found throughout the United States
  • Diet: Sweets and proteins

Argentine Ants

Nodes: One

Color: Medium or light brown

Stinger: No

Size: 1/8 inch

Location: Found in California, Pacific Northwest, Midwest, and Southeastern US

Diet: Sweets, proteins, and fats

Carpenter Ants

Nodes: One

Color: Black, brown, or red

Stinger: No

Size: 1/4 to 1/2 inch

Unique Features: Large mandibles (jaws)

Location: Throughout the United States

Habitat: Moist, rotting wood (indoors and outdoors)

Diet: Food debris indoors

Crazy Ants

Nodes: One

Color: Black, red, or brown

Stinger: No

Size: 1/16 to 1/8 inch

Unique Features: Long antennae and legs; slender body

Behavior: Erratic movements, appear confused

Location: Southwest and Southeast US

Diet: Sweets and insects

Fire Ants

Nodes: Two

Color: Red with a darker reddish-brown abdomen

Stinger: Yes (painful sting)

Size: 1/16 to 1/4 inch

Location: Southeast and Southwest USA

Diet: High-protein foods

Learn More: Professional Fire Ant Control Products

Ghost Ants

Nodes: One (difficult to see)

Color: Black head and thorax with a pale abdomen and legs

Stinger: No

Size: 1/16 inch

Location: Pacific Northwest, Florida, and Hawaii

Diet: Sweets and insects

Behavior: Forage for water during dry weather

Little Black Ants

Nodes: Two

Color: Black

Stinger: Yes

Size: 1/16 inch

Location: Southern California, Texas, and Oklahoma

Diet: Sugars, grease, and oils

Learn More: DIY Guide to Get Rid of Little Black Ants

Odorous House Ants

Nodes: One (hidden by abdomen)

Color: Brown or black

Stinger: No

Size: 1/8 inch

Unique Features: Emits a rotten odor when crushed

Location: Most of the US, except the Southeast

Diet: Sweets, but will eat protein or greasy foods

Pavement Ants

Nodes: Two

Color: Light brown or black; legs and antennae paler than the body

Stinger: Yes

Size: 1/8 inch

Location: West Coast, Midwest, and Northwest USA (not found in Southwest, Southeast, or Rockies)

Diet: Eats almost anything, including pet food

Pharaoh Ants

Nodes: Two

Color: Yellow-reddish with black shading on the abdomen

Stinger: Yes

Size: 1/16 to 1/12 inch

Location: Found throughout the US

Diet: Sweets and proteins

Habitat: Needs water; found near aquariums, pet dishes, refrigerator condensation pans, and houseplants

Learn More: Pharaoh Ant Control Products

Thief Ants

Nodes: Two

Color: Pale yellow to light or dark brown

Stinger: Small

Size: 1/16 inch

Location: Found throughout the US

Diet: High-protein foods

Behavior: Enters homes during hot, dry weather

White-Footed Ants

Nodes: One (hidden by abdomen)

Color: Black with pale yellow or white at the ends of their legs

Stinger: No

Size: 1/8 inch

Location: Florida, Hawaii, and parts of California

Diet: Sweets

Ant Inspection Guide
How to Locate Ants and Their Nesting Areas

Identifying Ants is Key to Controlling Them

Ants can cause problems both indoors and outdoors, and locating their nests or entry points can be challenging. If ants are inside your home, finding and sealing their access points is essential to prevent future infestations. For outdoor nests, targeting them directly will help eliminate ants more efficiently.

Tools You’ll Need:

  • A bright flashlight
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Inspecting Indoors

How to Find Ants Inside Your Home

Ants are drawn to moisture, making kitchens and bathrooms prime locations for nesting. Use a flashlight to inspect areas such as:

  • Behind or beneath refrigerators, stoves, microwaves, dishwashers, sinks, and cabinets
  • Around floor drains
  • Inside motor areas of appliances like refrigerators or microwaves
  • Behind wallpaper or in cracks and crevices in walls and cabinets

If you see only a few ants, try the honey and peanut butter test to attract them, making it easier to find their trails and determine the most effective bait.

How to Perform the Honey and Peanut Butter Test:

  1. Place a jar lid or small dish near the area where you’ve noticed ant activity.
  2. Put 1/2 teaspoon of honey on one side and 1/2 teaspoon of peanut butter on the other.
  3. Leave the dish undisturbed until ants begin trailing to it.
  4. Use a flashlight in the evening to follow the trail back to the nest or entry point, as ants are most active at night.

Pro Tip

  • If the ants prefer honey, use a liquid or gel bait.
  • If they are drawn to peanut butter, use a granular or paste bait.
  • Nutritional needs of ant colonies can change over time, so switching bait types may be necessary for effective treatment.

Inspecting Outdoors

How to Find Ant Nests in Your Yard

Ants are highly adaptable and can establish nests almost anywhere outdoors, depending on the species. When inspecting your property, look in:

  • Firewood piles
  • Under debris in the yard
  • Utility and electrical boxes
  • Soil mounds in the yard
  • Under siding on buildings

You can use the honey and peanut butter test outdoors as well to help locate hidden nests or activity trails.

By carefully inspecting these indoor and outdoor areas and selecting the appropriate treatment, you can effectively eliminate ants and keep them from returning.

Eliminating Ants for Good Requires Multiple Approaches

Follow These Steps to Learn How to Kill Ants Effectively

Ants are among the most common household pests, leaving many wondering how to eliminate them. These tiny invaders thrive indoors and outdoors, drawn to food and water sources. Successful ant control combines proper sanitation with the use of professional-grade ant sprays and baits for both indoor and outdoor applications.

With a wide range of ant species—like fire ants, sugar ants, and little black ants—it’s important to identify the specific type of ant before choosing a treatment product. Not all products work on all ant species.

Follow these steps to tackle your ant problem:

Indoor Ant Treatment

  • Preparing Your Home for Ant Treatment
  • Using Indoor Ant Baits and Sprays

Outdoor Ant Treatment

  • Preparing Your Property for Outdoor Ant Treatment
  • Using Outdoor Ant Sprays and Baits
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Step1 Indoor Sanitation and Preparation

Remove What Attracts Ants

Sanitation is crucial for effective ant control. Skipping this step or doing it half-heartedly can lead to treatment failure. To deter ants, eliminate food and water sources that attract them and seal entry points to your home.

Step1.1 Eliminate Indoor Food Sources

Clean Kitchen Appliances
Ants can thrive on grease and crumbs behind and beneath appliances. Clean thoroughly around:

  • Stoves, refrigerators, and microwaves
  • Toasters and dishwashers
  • Sinks and the surrounding areas

Empty and Clean Cabinets
Crumbs and spills from stored food can attract ants. Regularly clean your cabinets to remove these hidden food sources.

Store Food in Sealed Containers
Use airtight containers made of metal, glass, or hard plastic. Ants can easily penetrate cardboard and loosely sealed packaging.

Limit Food Consumption to One Room
Restrict eating to a single room to reduce crumbs and spills. This helps contain infestations to one area.

Clean Thoroughly Each Night
Since ants are most active at night, ensure your kitchen is spotless before bedtime:

  • Wipe countertops
  • Wash dishes
  • Sweep or mop floors
  • Store food securely

Vacuum or Sweep Non-Food Areas
Clean all areas of the home every few days to remove crumbs, ant body parts, egg sacs, and pheromones that attract other ants.

Manage Pet Food
Empty pet food containers overnight or cover them tightly.

Keep Garbage Cans Clean and Sealed
Regularly clean trash bins and always keep lids tightly closed to avoid attracting ants.

By following these steps, you’ll eliminate the key attractants that allow ants to thrive indoors.

Step1.2 Eliminate Water Sources for Ants Indoors

Ants require water to survive, so reducing accessible water sources is key. While you can’t remove all water, eliminating as many as possible will help deter them.

  • Fix Leaks: Repair any leaky plumbing or sweating pipes.
  • Dry Sinks, Tubs, and Showers: Completely dry these areas before bedtime and plug the drains.
  • Manage Wet Items: Store dish rags and sponges in airtight plastic bags, place them in the washing machine, or hang them outside to dry overnight.
  • Pet Water Dishes: Empty and dry pet bowls overnight, refilling them in the morning.
  • Empty Refrigerator Drip Trays: Regularly check and empty drip trays to remove excess moisture.

Step1.3 Eliminate Ant Hiding Spots and Entry Points

Making your home less appealing to ants involves removing their potential hiding spots and blocking their access points. Ant colonies can range from hundreds to thousands of ants, so sealing entry points is crucial to prevent re-infestations.

  • Seal Cracks and Crevices: Use caulk or a suitable material to close gaps around window frames, door frames, baseboards, and any other areas where ants enter.
  • Block Larger Openings: Seal holes around cables, pipes, and wires with copper mesh or another durable material.

By addressing water sources and entry points, you’ll create an environment that is far less attractive to ants, helping to keep your home ant-free.

Step2 Use Indoor Ant Baits and Sprays

With sanitation and preparation complete, it’s time to apply products to tackle your ant infestation. For effective results, we recommend using three essential products:

  1. Non-Repellent Aerosol Spray
  2. Two Types of Ant Baits

Using this combination of products ensures a faster and more thorough elimination of your ant infestation than relying on a single solution.

To simplify your selection process, our Indoor Ant Control Kit includes all the essential products you need to get started.

Products we recommend for Step 2

Step2.1 Indoor Ant Baiting

How to Effectively Use Ant Bait Indoors

Place bait in areas where you’ve observed ant activity. Avoid placing bait directly in the middle of ant trails or on ants, as this can cause them to avoid it, rendering the bait ineffective. Instead, position the bait near ant trails or areas of activity. To keep bait fresh and off surfaces, use bait plate stations included in the kit.

Recommended Bait Placement Areas:

  • Inside kitchen cabinets and on countertops
  • Behind, next to, or under the stove
  • Near sinks or drains
  • Around pipes, cords, and cables emerging from walls
  • Behind or beneath bathroom fixtures
  • Around the medicine cabinet or vanity

Check bait placements weekly and replenish as needed until the ants are completely gone.

Products we recommend for Step 2.1

Step2.2 Spraying for Ants Indoors

How to Effectively Spray for Ants Indoors

To complement ant baiting, we recommend using a non-repellent ant spray. This approach is effective for situations where ants are in a nesting cycle or already have access to a safe, steady food source, causing them to ignore baits.

Non-repellent sprays are included in our ant kits because ants cannot detect the product. They unknowingly pick it up on their bodies and carry it back to the nest, spreading it throughout the colony. These sprays take a few days to begin killing ants, allowing time for the product to infect a larger portion of the colony.

How to Apply Non-Repellent Ant Spray:

  • Use the included straw applicator for precision.
  • Apply directly into cracks and crevices along:

This method helps target hidden nesting areas and disrupts the colony’s activity for long-term control.

Products we recommend for Step 2.2

Step3 Outdoor Sanitation and Preparation

How to Eliminate and Prevent Ants Outdoors

Ants on the exterior of your home can easily lead to indoor infestations. To stop this, it’s essential to address the outdoor environment that initially attracted them. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines sanitation and habitat modification to reduce pest populations by removing the elements ants need to survive: food, water, and shelter.

Key Steps for Outdoor Sanitation:

  1. Trim Trees and Shrubs
  2. Eliminate Shady, Moist Areas
  3. Create a Dry Zone
  4. Turn Over Mulch Regularly
  5. Clean Gutters and Downspouts
  6. Maintain a Short Lawn
  7. Clear Lawn Debris
  8. Manage Fruit Trees
  9. Properly Store Trash

By implementing these measures, you’ll make your property less attractive to ants and other pests, significantly reducing the likelihood of infestations indoors and outdoors.

Step4 Outdoor Ant Baiting and Spraying

It’s normal to have some ants in your yard, as they help control other pest populations. However, when their numbers grow too large and they start invading your home, outdoor treatment becomes necessary.

To eliminate ant colonies near your home, use a combination of ant baits and non-repellent ant sprays. This dual approach targets ants effectively, both at their nests and along their trails. For convenience, our Outdoor Ant Kit includes everything you need to address outdoor infestations with ease.

Products we recommend for Step 4

Step4.1 Spraying for Ants Outdoors

How to Effectively Spray for Ants Outside

When dealing with ants outdoors, it’s crucial to use the right products. Non-repellent sprays, like Advion WDG, are highly recommended because they’re undetectable by ants, ensuring maximum effectiveness. While other sprays may kill ants on contact, they only affect the small percentage (around 20%) of the colony that ventures out to forage, leaving the rest of the colony intact. Additionally, ants can sense most traditional insecticides and avoid treated areas, reducing their impact.

Non-repellent sprays work differently. Ants unknowingly cross treated surfaces, carrying the product back to the colony. Through grooming and social interactions, the insecticide spreads throughout the colony, eventually eliminating it.

What You’ll Need:

  • A hand pump or backpack sprayer
  • Non-repellent product (e.g., Advion WDG or Termidor SC)

How to Spray for Ants Outdoors:

  1. Prepare the Spray Solution:
  2. Apply Around the Perimeter:
  3. Follow Label Instructions:

Key Notes on Non-Repellent Insecticides:

  • Products like Advion WDG are designed for a slow kill, allowing the active ingredient to spread through the colony.
  • It may take several weeks to see full results, but this ensures more thorough colony elimination.

Using non-repellent sprays properly can provide long-lasting outdoor ant control and prevent future infestations.

Products we recommend for Step 4.1

Step4.2 Outdoor Ant Baiting

How to Effectively Use Ant Bait Outdoors

Outdoor ant baiting targets ants that are farther from your home, reducing the likelihood of them migrating indoors. For best results, use both liquid ant bait and granular ant bait, as ants may prefer one over the other depending on their current nutritional needs. Both bait types can be placed in the same station simultaneously.

Steps for Outdoor Ant Baiting:

  1. Identify Active Areas: Place bait stations in locations with high ant activity.
  2. Use Both Bait Types: Add liquid and granular bait to each station for maximum effectiveness.
  3. Monitor and Replenish: Check stations weekly and refill as needed until the ant population is completely eliminated.

This dual-bait strategy ensures better coverage and a quicker reduction in outdoor ant colonies.

Products we recommend for Step 4.2

How to Keep Ants Away

Make Your Property Unattractive to Ants

After successfully eliminating ants from your home or business, the next step is to focus on prevention. By creating an environment around your property that is unappealing to ants, you can significantly reduce the chances of a reinfestation.

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Step1 Outdoor Sanitation

Effective Ant Control: Sanitation Strategies to Keep Ants Away

Ants, like all pests, need three essential things to survive on your property:

  • Food sources
  • Water or moisture
  • Shelter or nesting areas

By reducing their access to these necessities, you can make your home and yard less appealing to ants. Maintaining proper sanitation is a crucial step in ant control, as it removes the resources they rely on.

Sanitation Tips for Preventing Ant Infestations

  • Trim back trees and shrubs so that branches and foliage don’t touch your home, preventing ants from using them as bridges to enter.
  • Raise and trim bushes to expose the soil beneath, eliminating shady, moist nesting areas.
  • Keep mulch, pine straw, and other landscape materials at least 6 inches away from your home’s foundation to create a dry zone that deters ants.
  • Turn mulch or landscape bedding every few weeks to reduce moisture retention and discourage nesting.
  • Regularly clean gutters and downspouts, as ants and other pests often nest in clogged, damp areas.
  • Maintain a well-mowed lawn to limit overgrowth that could harbor ant colonies.
  • Remove grass clippings, leaf piles, and stacked wood to eliminate hidden nesting spots.
  • Pick up ripe fruit from trees and the ground to prevent ants from being attracted to decaying organic matter.
  • Store outdoor trash bins away from the house, ensuring lids fit tightly to keep ants from foraging inside.
  • Periodically wash trash cans and dumpsters with an ammonia solution to remove residue that attracts ants.

By implementing these sanitation practices, you can significantly reduce the risk of ant infestations and create a less hospitable environment for them.

Step2 Create a Protective Barrier with Insecticide Spray

Once sanitation steps are complete, apply a general concentrated insecticide around the perimeter of your home every 30-90 days. This routine treatment, often referred to as quarterly pest control, helps prevent ants and other pests from entering your home.

For additional details on pest prevention techniques, visit our General Pest Prevention page.